Yoluja

A train comes and goes. It loads and it unloads. A loud sound announces the moment it arrives, it resounds and vibrates as if drilling into the memory of a promise. It’s roar is a symbol of a promise of progress that the residents of Medialuna are still waiting for.

The Pushaina family is from the indigenous community Wayuu, in the far reaches of northern Colombia. It’s one of the 15 families in the Medialuna territory affected by the company Cerrejón.

The mining company arrived here in __ cual ano__ with a plan to mine the bounty of coal families like Pushainas live on, and ship their bounty off to Europe. With them, they brought promises of change, work, and a better life.

But “progress” always meant something different for Cerrejón and the native people who have lived here for centuries.

The language the mining company speaks isn’t one that understands ancestry, spirituality and the importance of land for the people here.

And 35 years later, accepting the promises of Cerrejón have come to haunt the Wayuu.

On average, the company mines 6,300 tons per hour, sometimes reaching 11,000 tons per hour, which has gone on uninterrupted for decades.

These families know coal because they have lived with it. The dust is part of their skins, it cloaks their clothes that hang on lines under the scorching suns. It speckles the roofs of their houses and coats their lungs. Three families have been forcibly displaced from their native land, Puerto Bolívar, the very same place where coal arrives from the mine and is loaded onto ships.

Today, that mine sits in a legal limbo in Colombia’s courts. And when the Wayuu people speak of Cerrejón, of the train, and the coal and the extraction in their native language, they use different word. Yoluja: devil, shadows, demon, and malice.

"The train that transports coal, in its cargo also carries spirits, they get off and torment us. They steal our sleep and a Wayuu who does not dream is because he has died. "It still hurts us, it is a general thought, what will happen when he leaves, we will be much better off without his contamination, the trees will grow again, even if it is bare for some time, the cactus will bloom again."

© Fernanda Pineda - Every night the land is illuminated by the lights of the railway: Red. Everything turns red: houses, people, animals
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Every night the land is illuminated by the lights of the railway: Red. Everything turns red: houses, people, animals

© Fernanda Pineda - The house that the Pushaina family built after being displaced by the Cerrejón company in 1985
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The house that the Pushaina family built after being displaced by the Cerrejón company in 1985

© Fernanda Pineda - Alfredo Pushaina was young when this company arrived in the territory, his house is right next to the train tracks.
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Alfredo Pushaina was young when this company arrived in the territory, his house is right next to the train tracks.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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When the company took over the territory, it delimited it. He put up fences that separated his facilities from the people, isolating important water points for the community, the few trees where the goats fed, and even the fence also included the sea.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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Alfredo Pushaina continues in his daily tasks looking for his food and his economic sustenance in the sea. Every time he has to go further to have a good fishing since the limits of the company, the ships and the noise of the operation do not allow him to be successful in that mission.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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El clima de la zona es árido. Hay muy poca vegetación y estos pocos arbustos tienen en sus hojas y en sus tallos polvillo de carbón. The climate of the area is arid. There is very little vegetation and these few shrubs have coal dust on their leaves and stems.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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The train that loads the coal from the mine to the port passes several times a day, leaving its presence reflected in the landscape.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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Alfredo Pushaina, Monchi, with this red light on his face talks about the train and calls it Yoluja, in his language this means Devil, evil.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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Poo Pushaina is the grandfather of the family, the traditional authority. Here he sees his reflection in the portrait he is holding in his hands. It is his portrait some 35 years ago, he was like this when the company arrived and took him out of his territory

© Fernanda Pineda - Ernelda is in charge of the house, here she rocks her baby in the hammock in which they sleep.
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Ernelda is in charge of the house, here she rocks her baby in the hammock in which they sleep.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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While the Pushaina family does not have access to electricity, the cerrejón has a hundred lights that illuminate the nights.

© Fernanda Pineda - Animals and children frequent the train tracks. Two nephews of Alfredo Pushaina died run over by the train
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Animals and children frequent the train tracks. Two nephews of Alfredo Pushaina died run over by the train

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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Puerto Bolívar is the place where coal is unloaded from the train and loaded onto ships. Alfredo Pushaina looks over there every day and remembers his house.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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Carmen is the mother of Alfredo Pushaina and the sister of Poo Pushaina. She is very sick of the lungs. Lung diseases are very common in the area, but the company does not accept the impact of coal

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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Benjamin is the grandson of Poo Pushaina. He is part of the new generation of the family that seeks to study and leave the territory to prepare and be able to return home and help his family.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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Poo's house at night is lit by some candles and a battery powered lamp that hangs from the ceiling. Behind them is a powerful beam of light coming from Puerto Bolívar

© Fernanda Pineda - Alfredo Pushaina returns from a fishing task and prepares to weigh and sell his fish to bring supplies home
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Alfredo Pushaina returns from a fishing task and prepares to weigh and sell his fish to bring supplies home

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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Alfredo Pushaina walks towards his house. You have to go through the side of the fence that frames the Port facilities. The strong lights of the place are installed to keep watch. The army guards the area day and night.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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At the wake for Poo Pushaina's son, a woman from the family covers her face with a handkerchief and prepares to cry. This is how the Wayúu say goodbye to their dead.

© Fernanda Pineda - Image from the Yoluja photography project
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For the Wayúu, goats mean food, but also power. A family that has goats has the possibility of paying its debts. The Pushaina family does not have many, they lost their herds and their power when they were banished