Sons of the Sun

Sons of the Sun emerged from three years of friendship with a group of young Syrians living in South Turkey. Limited by their legal status as refugees, we created an art project to reclaim their stories, identities, and dreams.

During my three years living in Southern Turkey, the Syrian youth became my community. It was there that I met Mustafa, Sondos, Duah, Michael, and Hamza, and learned their similar stories of being forced to flee their homes in Syria as teenagers and slowly build new lives in Turkey.

Like them, thousands of young Syrian refugees in Turkey have been facing the challenges that come with growing up in a country that, despite not being too far from their motherland, still requires learning a new language and adapting to a different cultural and bureaucratic system. Not least, the temporary protection provided to Syrian nationals by the Government of Turkey is not without its limitations, often reducing their possibilities of studying, working, and moving across cities and thus hindering their future.  

Together, we started a collaborative project where art and photography pave the way for them to reclaim personal stories, life experiences, and identities. Through this project, we are creating a new reality - one where borders, legal statuses, and definitions give way to memories, dreams, and hope. 

© Carola Cappellari - Image from the Sons of the Sun photography project
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Turkey currently hosts 3.58 million Syrian refugees living under a temporary protection scheme. Yet, the scheme lacks a concrete timeframe and does not establish guaranteed and stable rights for Syrians living in Turkey, generating constant uncertainty. Especially young people hope to start a new life elsewhere.

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Irene, from Italy, wears a traditional Syrian wedding dress on the day of her celebration with Mustafa in Gaziantep, Turkey, in September 2021. Mustafa, born in Aleppo, Syria, and Irene, born in Bologna, Italy, fell in love in their early 20s after meeting at a youth organisation where Mustafa worked and Irene volunteered as part of an Erasmus program.

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Mustafa's sister Baraah points at her brother’s tattoo dedicated to his wife Irene, whom he met in 2020 at the youth organization where they both volunteered in Gaziantep. To overcome migration policies that would have kept them apart, the couple chose to marry in 2021, dealing with the tedious process of obtaining documents from Italy, Syria, and Turkey.

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During the past three years of the project's creation, a few friends living in Gaziantep had the chance to resettle in countries such as Canada and Italy, facing the difficulties of rebuilding their lives from the ground up once again and, especially, of leaving their loved ones behind.

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“My family has a house and a country to live in, but not a home. Even if my family and people are in Turkey, I don’t belong here. Perhaps, one day, Italy will be home” Mustafa, April 2022

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Sondos proudly tells me that her name means 'fine silk worn in heaven', symbolizing nature and blessings. Sondos was born twenty-two years ago in Aleppo, and in 2015 fled with her family to Turkey, where she approached painting and sculpting. For Sondos, art is a way to express herself and to deal with the difficulties of living far from her cultural references. September 2023

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"I dream of opening educational centers for children around the world, but especially in Syria. Us, young people, can only invest in the new generations. I am aware my dreams are huge, but only this way we can hope our country one day will exist again". M, April 2023

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‘Street Scene in old Damascus’, Syria 1950 Sawyer’s View-Master 4141, revisited by Sondos Ankar. "When I saw the photograph, I saw the flow of life, movement, and spirit of Damascus. The connection may seem strange, but in the movement of the old neighborhood, I felt the same sense of flow of Van Gogh's 'The Starry Night' painting”. April 2024

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Twenty-four years old M. , who fled Aleppo in 2014, has been working in local organisations that provide non-formal education to Syrian children and help them connect to their culture and heritage.

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Mustafa holds his younger sister Baraah in their family home in Gaziantep, a few days before moving permanently to Italy with his wife Irene. Since moving to Italy in 2022, Mustafa and Irene haven’t been able to return to Gaziantep to visit Mustafa’s family due to a two-year ban imposed by the Turkish government for exiting the country before legal terms. April 2022

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Mahmood, aka Michael, 24, flew from Aleppo with his family and settled in Turkey in 2017, and shortly after started to work in a factory to support his family. Despite the difficulties and limited time available, Michael has been independently studying music production for the past 10 years, releasing two albums dedicated to the displaced Syrian community around the world. April 2023

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“Syrians are currently displaced everywhere and I believe, whether here, in Syria, or somewhere else, all of us are living the same life and experiencing the same difficulties. This is why I dream my music can be heard all over the world." Mahmood aka Michael, April 2023

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“My grandfather bought me a View-Master back home after returning from La Mecca. I remember the sensation of looking inside and thinking how amazing all those places were. I like to imagine I can still walk the streets of Damascus and make my art there”. Mahmood, aka Michael, September 2023

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“One day I was working right on the border with Syria. Just a fence and a few meters were separating me from my country, but I could only watch it from a distance. It was the closest I had been to my land in ten years and I recall it to be the hardest moment within all my acting career” Hamza, May 2022

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Actor Mohammad Hamza, 22, from Aleppo, a few days before resettling to Canada, where he and his family were granted refugee status after ten years living in Gaziantep, Turkey.

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To overcome migration policies that would have kept them apart, Mustafa and Irene chose to marry in 2021, not before dealing with a tedious process of obtaining documents from Italy, Syria, and Turkey necessary for the registry, including Mustafa’s birth certificate from war-torn Aleppo. The couple eventually married in 2021 and a year later settled in Bologna, central Italy.

© Carola Cappellari - Irene holds his sister-in-law Baraah. Gaziantep, May 2022
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Irene holds his sister-in-law Baraah. Gaziantep, May 2022

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I was only 9 when we left Syria, but I remember everything from there. The most beautiful memory I am miss the most are the gatherings of my family and relatives together during the evenings in our home in Aleppo", Duah Gavi, April 2023

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Duah Gavi has been painting since she was eight years old. In 2017, she fled her home in Aleppo with her mother and siblings, eventually settling in Gaziantep, where the family found relative stability until February 2023, when an earthquake forced them to move again. Despite facing displacement once more, Duah turned to painting as a means of coping with the trauma she experienced.

© Carola Cappellari - Image from the Sons of the Sun photography project
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From Oregon to Australia, all the way to the Middle East, thousands of children projected their memories and dreams on photographic images seen through a pair of View-Masters. It was not different for Sondos, Mustafa, Duah, Michael, and Hamza, for whom images of pilgrims traveling to Mecca, of tourists gathering in old Damascus, and views of landscapes are now reminders of a childhood long gone.

Sons of the Sun by Carola Cappellari

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