During the dry season of July, 2015, mountain Avila, in Caracas, Venezuela, caught fire for weeks. The widespread fires and drought put the city on edge. In the meantime, the smoke filtered the sunlight and made mesmerizing sunsets.
On 2015, the year this image was taken, Venezuela had nearly 29.000 homicides, according to the Venezuelan Observatory of Violence, a local NGO. Within a year, 28.500 people were killed, making it the second most violent country in the western hemisphere. The issue of violence and its expressions have diffused into everyday life.
As the sun set and shifts changed on the afternoon of February 27, 2015, a group of protesters gathered in the back entrance of Los Andes University. Word had spread out that police forces had the order to take down the student trenches that day. Protesters prepared for a long night.
Kluiverth Roa, 15, was the first victim of the Resolution 8610, a newly imposed law that allowed law enforcement to use fire arms in protest control. Mr Roa was shot in the face by a Javier Osías Mora during a protest in the city of San Cristobal, Venezuela. His death ensued weeks of protests in the country, including the take of Los Andes University by hundreds of students that demanded justice and the abolition of Resolution 8610. Officer Mora would later be sentenced to 18 years in prison.
The National Police Guard prepare to break in a building where they think demonstrators are hiding on April 19, 2014. Clashes had started early in the morning and extended into the late night. Police units ran out of ammunition on several occasions and could not execute the raid because a large group of demonstrators came against them shortly after.
El Torero Bar, in Catia, Caracas, displays thousands of historical objects, such as "The Shanks from El Reten de Catia", an infamous prison in the capital that was demolished in the late 90s, shortly before Chavez came to power. It was considered one of the most violent places in the city while it was operational.
On June 14, 2016, a young boy files the skeleton of a casket, while another one takes a break, laying in one of the caskets. The small factory has around ten workers and produce around a dozen caskets per day. Colón is a country-side town in Venezuela, very near the Colombian border. Their economy is based around death: they are the biggest casket producers in Venezuela's western region. The whole town has developed its small economy around the business of death. The death rates in Venezuela are so high that the demand for caskets often exceeds the offer.
The 23 de Enero neighborhood is a historical stronghold for the governing party. It is where most civil armed groups live and gather. It is also home for a great percentage of law enforcement officers and a low-income neighborhood. On many occasions, law enforcement has acted in collaboration with civil armed groups in riot control operations, leading some political analysts to think that they have an active role in both organizations.
The Osorio family's clothes and belongings hours after the National Police raided their house. The house was raided and dismantled on the morning of July 25, 2016. This raid left over 200 families without a house and no one was officially charged in the following days.
The Osorio family is one of those hundreds. The mass evictions started at 3 a.m., when several law enforcement agencies raided the small favela, located in the outskirts of Caracas, the capital of Venezuela. According to Nicolas Maduro, the raids targeted paramilitaries and gangs, yet no one was publicly charged as a result of this raid.
On February 2012 violence was not what it is today. The streets of Caracas were dangerous, as they have been for decades, but violence hid in many ways. In El Torero bar, in Catia, a man sat and drank beers. He had been drinking for several hours. Even though he didn't want to identify himself, he talked about his scars. He was a prisoner at El Reten de Catia, an infamous prison in the capital that was demolished in the late 90s. In there, he said, people would have knive-fights on daily basis, which was how he got his scars.
"Back then we use to front with knives, with skills," he said, "Now any kid has a gun and he's the man."